Explore The Causal Factors Of Bystander Behavior In Bullying Situations Among Students: A Systematic Literature Review

Abstract

In Indonesia, bullying cases continue to increase every year. These bullying cases cause significant harm to those involved, both physically and psychologically. Those involved in bullying incidents are not only victims and perpetrators, but also people in the bullying environment, known as bystanders. The behavior of bystanders in dealing with bullying can play a role in reducing or preventing bullying. The objective of this study is to identify and explore the factors underlying bystander behavior in bullying situations using a systematic literature review (SLR) following the PRISMA model procedure. A search through Google Scholar yielded 2,160 articles. After screening according to the PRISMA guidelines, nine articles were deemed suitable and met the criteria for the study's objectives and were selected for analysis. Based on the analysis, it was found that there are several internal and external factors within individuals that are related to bystander behavior in bullying situations, including moral disengagement, parenting style, empathy, motivation, defender self-efficacy, social support, and basic moral sensitivity. The results of this study can be used as a reference for parents and schools through education to develop students capacities and personalities and create a positive environment for students to prevent bullying.